societhf Oppressive Societies :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huck Finn and Oppressive Societies                        The world in which we live in now is much little oppressive than say the world lived in the middle of the 1800s. Up until the Civil War, the South depended on their peculiar institution of slavery, in order to be productive a successful. most people believed slavery was not wrong, but those who thought otherwise seldom tried to alter it. In general if surrounded by oppressive environment, nonpareil does not usually try to make a difference in that world. This is because people are afraid to defend what is right against a whole batch of people who believe otherwise. Huck Finn in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Billy Budd in Billy Budd, and Frederick Douglass in his autobiography all portray individuals who because of their good, innocent qualities go up against the oppression in their society. Living in an oppressive society does not always draw you to do the wrong thing you are still capable of generating change, whether it be for a certain individual or against a whole mass of people. Billy Budd starts off on the ship the Rights of Man, Melville obviously showing his attentive in the naming of the first ship. This shows that on this ship where Billy wanted to be and chose to be he had rights. That he and the other crew had choices of what to do and how to be. therefore along comes the British navy and decides that they are going to take Billy aboard their ship Power of War. This is when Billy is brought into an oppressive society. This is the navy and wartime during which rules moldiness be followed as well as a lifestyle that must be followed. Billy is a poor innocent boy with a youthful stutter. This stutter shows Billys humane side, a flaw, as well as leading you to the thinking that he has the innocence of a child. This stutter is connected to innocence because of its childish qua lities. When most children begin speaking they have some sort of stutter, which usually goes away. The stutter parallels innocence because it is showing that you are just learning how to talk and dont actually comprehend the correct way to make sounds, as you grow older you learn and the stutter disappears.

Gothic Art :: essays research papers

Gothic Art began in 1137 with the rebuilding of the chair of the abbey church of St. Denis. Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Europe from the Middle Ages up to the beginning of the Renaissance. Typically religious in nature, is especially known for the distinctive arched design of its churches, its stained glass, and its illuminated manuscripts. Gothic, although symbolic, is a lot more anecdotal and naturalistic than Romanesque.In the late 14th century, anticipating the Renaissance, Gothic Art evolved towards a more secular style known as International Gothic. One of the best-known artists of this period is Simone Martini.Simone Martini was a Sienese painter who greatly influenced the maturement of the International Gothic style, and was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting.Giovanni Pisano was an Italian sculptor, as was his father Nicola Pisano. His work shows a mixture of French Gothic and the classical style. Among his works are Pulpit for the Duomo di Siena, Sculptures and architectural design for the facade of the cathedral in Siena, Pulpit for the church of S. Andrea in Pistoia, The five reliefs on the pulpit are the Annunciation and Nativity, the Adoration, Dream of the Magi and Angel admonition Joseph, the Massacre of the Innocents, the Crucifixion, and the Last Judgement, and the Pulpit for the Pisa Cathedral.The extraordinary painter Hieronymus Bosch stands apart from the prevailing Flemish traditions in painting. His style was unique, strikingly free, and his symbolism, unforgettably vivid, remains unparalleled to this day. tall(a) and terrifying, he expresses an intense pessimism and reflects the anxieties of his time, one of social and political upheavalThe Gothic era in painting spanned more than 200 years, starting in Italy and ventilation to the rest of Europe. Towards the end of this period, there were some artists in parts of the North who resisted Renaissance influences and kept to the Gothic traditi on.

The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

When William Shakespeare wrote, The merchandiser of Venice, he included a female division that influences the play dramatically. In most of Shakespeares plays, the women have little power and intelligence. In The Merchant of Venice, however, Portia is a woman that saves the life of a man with her wit and intelligence. Another woman created by Shakespeare that posses qualities similar to Portia is Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both women wreak to the main themes of the play because of their ability to use their intelligence and witty remarks as tumefy as having a loving heart. The women share many similarities as well as many differences which seem to be inevit fitting because Portia seems to be put on a pedestal that very few can reach. Portia is one of Shakespeares commodious heroines, whose beauty, lively intelligence, quick wit, and high moral seriousness have blossomed in a society of wealth and freedom. She is known throughout the world for her beauty and virtue, and she is able to handle any situation with her sharp wit. In many of Shakespeares plays, he creates female characters that are presented to be clearly inferior to men. The one female, Shakespearean character that is most like Portia would be Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both of the women are known for their wit and intelligence. Beatrice is able to defend her views in any situation, as does Portia. Shakespeare gives each of them a sense of power by giving their minds the ability to change words around, use multiple meanings and answer wisely to the men border them. By adding a loving heart to both of these women, Shakespeare makes their intelligence more appealing. Even though Beatrice hides the loving side of her character for most of the play, she still expresses her charity and love in other ways. Like Portia, she is a dear friend and an obedient daughter. In the fourth act, after Portia has saved the life of Antonio, she uses her wit, just as Beatrice does to test Benedicts love, to convince Bassanio to surrender the ring that he vowed he would never part with. After simply asking for it and being unsuccessful, she decides to use her intelligence and says, "I see sir, you are liberal in offers. / You taught me first to beg, and now methinks / You teach me how a beggar should be answerd" (IV.

Litter Control :: Environment Ecology Littering

Litter ControlLitter control is not only an fundamental issue to me but to this state and country. Programs such as Keep America Beautiful and adopt-a-highway are designed to promote a clean environment by educating great deal and creating projects to help improve the environment (Keeping America Beautiful). Growing up I learned the importance of having a clean environment. It improves the quality of life, it increases your confidence level, and it makes you imperial of your community. I feel strongly about this issue because there are a lot of people who just do not care. South Carolina has a goal of making people aware of the environment. The state government has started a campaign called Palmetto Pride (Diane Marlow). The promotion tactics that they use includes South Carolina officials and well-known people promoting beautification of the state. I also have a goal of making people aware of the environment and I decided that creating a project with children would be tr uly effective. I always thought children were excellent people to work with. They are eager to learn and to show enthusiasm. My plan was to work with the children of St. Lawrences Place. That idea was sparked from my University one hundred one instructor. at that place I hoped to design a trash-pickup syllabus similar to the one that the adopt-a-highway program had. Along with the program, I would have educated the children about litter stripe and the importance of a clean environment. Instead of walking along a highway collect trash we would wander around St. Lawrences Place facial expression for trash and items to be recycled. Unfortunately, the program could not be carried out because of scheduling problems. Luckily, there was an adopt-a-highway project going on in my hometown during the time of fall break. Adopt-a-highway is a program of public service for volunteers to collect trash along the highways of America. The group agrees to pick up trash at the minimum o f three times per year. There is an age limit for this program. Those that are interested must be at least twelve years of age to participate in the trash pick-up. The adopt-a-highway program also educates people about litter prevention and recycling (Adopt-a-highway). On October 15, I arrived on Main route with some of my friends and former classmates. Main Street is a very busy road that connects to a highway.

The Rise Of Starbucks :: essays research papers

The Rise of StarbucksThe Starbucks Corporation has enjoyed phenomenal growth since its early days in 1971 as a quaint hot chocolate shop in Seattle, Washington. The rise of Starbucks can be directly attributed to the following factors the emphasis placed on product quality, high employee standards, and creating the perfect cup of coffee.How a small idea became a huge business. Growing up in Brooklyn Howard Schultz had no aspirations. His only goal was to escape the struggles his working-class parents lived every day (Schultz 107).Eventually, Schultz detect his talent for sales, and was hired by a Swedish housewares corporation. By age 28, he was vice president in charge of sales in the linked States. He has an excellent salary, a co-op apartment in New York City and was happily married. However, Schultz wasnt satisfied with all he had accomplished. He wanted to be in charge of his own destiny (107). It was then in the early 1980s that he was introduced to the company, Starbucks C offee and Tea. Starbuckss original was modest but full of character. Schultz was immediately impress by its charm. Importantly, he thought the coffee was wonderful (Schultz 108). He then had dinner with a friend, Jerry Baldwin owner of Starbucks and his partner, Gordon Bowker. Schultz tried to persuade Baldwin to hire him as an employee, however though it did not seem to be a logical career move. But for Schultz Starbucks held an inexplicable attraction. He soon found many reasons to get abide to Seattle and visit (108). Then in the spring of 1982, Jerry and Gordon invited Schultz to meet Board member Steve Donovan. Schultz told the men what he saw for the future of the company. The partners seemed inspired by his vision. But they had contumacious not to hire Schultz. They felt his vision, was not what they had in mind for the company (108). Schultz still believed so much in the future of Starbucks that he couldnt except no as an answer. He then contacted Baldwin and protested t hat he wasnt selfishly interested in a job but it was more so about what he wanted to do for the company. Finally, Schultz had a job working at Starbucks (Schultz 109). Then, after working there for a year, he had a simple experience that changed his life. He traveled to Milan, Italy to suffice an international housewares show. While, traveling he noticed a little espresso bar.

The World Church of the Creator :: Religion Racism White Supremacy Essays

The World Church of the Creator Free speech comes in many forms, some crime and some non-offensive. One of the more offensive sites on the Internet is the homepage for the World Church of the Creator. This site supports an extreme white supremacist point of view whose followers, from my interpretation of the site, believe that all races, except for the white race, ar inferior. The site is also extremely anti-Semitic. In short, according to the site, if someone is not white and Christian, then they are no one. First, this site has an extreme belief in white supremacy.The followers of the World Church of the Creator have an extreme belief in white supremacy. For example, the slogan of the World Church of the Creator is let us work together to build a whiter and brighter world (World Church of). Throughout the numerous pages of the site, on that point are many references to the superiority of the white race. Their periodical publication, The Struggle, is dedicated to survival, expan sion, and advancement of the white race. (World Church of). They even try to explain that there is a rather large biological difference between the antithetic races of the world. The Reverend Matt Hale goes into a detailed explanation about the biological differences between races. For example, he says thatThere are unaccompanied two ways people can be equal. One way is to be the alike physically the other is to be the same mentally. Considering the former first, are people the same physically? No. We have tall and short, thin and fat, young and old, White and Black, strong and weak, fast and slow, plus all sorts of mediums and in-betweens. No equality is to be seen among individuals. As to differences among races, there are many differences such as head shape and facial features, physical maturity at birth, brain formation and cranial capacity, visual and auditory acuity, body size and proportions, number of vertebrae, blood types, bone density, length of gestation period, num ber and distribution of sweat glands, rate of infant development of important brain waves, fingerprints, ability to digest milk, hair forms and distribution, odor, colorblindness, genetic diseases (such as sickle cell anemia and Tay Sachs), galvanic skin resistance, pigmentation of the skin and eyes, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. If there are this many physical differences, it would be silly to think that there would be no mental differences, and indeed we do find that they not only exist, but are of great significance.

Muzak :: Personal Narrative Papers

Muzak .a true storySo there I was last year, manner of walking through the supermarket on an afternoon like any other, trying to get everything I neededpicking over the vegetables, as out of a waterlogged fog, I realized that my foot was tapping out a sonorous beat, apparently out of my concentration. Whats more amazing, I now see, is that the lazy rhythm from my foot matches a melody which has been ringing behind my thoughts as I decided what kind of onions to buy&emdashalso without me being fully aware of it. All of a sudden, a minor physical revulsion causes me to set down my basket on the produce, my body trying to exorcise this foreign invasion. What is this thing? And that tune It sounds like a watered-down version of Eric Claptons acoustic Layla, terribly deflated and played by a bunch of sixty-year-old orchestra players&emdashI am still not too sure. But it willing not seem to go away.the soothing sounds turn malicious as they bounce off the walls of the nutrition center, the meat department, housewares. Every unmatchable I see is mill around around like before, are they hearing what fills my ears? Is that same insidious song playing with their minds? Now that I focus on the music rambling from the utterer in the ceiling, it appears as if they are all part of a silent movie&emdashacting against a separate, unrelated soundtrack.When I first started exploring mount music, I came to realize that the issue involves much more than those whiny songs wafting from crappy mono speakers in department stores. It stretches far beyond these simple associations, significantly affecting the ever-changing workplace and worker control, as well as the site of consumption and consumer control. Muzak is now a tool widely used around the world&emdash care by most people, revered by some, and detested by others.Thats Muzak, not muzakIt is important to understand here that Muzak is not just another term for background (or, annoying) music it should not be confused with the numerous impostors which play in elevators and the like. It is the name of an American corporation and its sophisticated business programming . As one of its brochures explains succinctly, The raw material of Muzak is music. And why is music unable to achieve the same results as their product? Because music is art, but Muzak it science. And when you employ the science of Muzak in an office, workers consort to get more done, more efficiently, and felt happier.

Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective From Pastoral Village t

The technical, functional, and symbolic characteristics of the Internet may have changed the ways that communities are formed and experienced through a decentralized global converse network that transcends physical time and space. While this notion of virtual(prenominal) participation is closely associated with the emergence of information communication technologies (ICTs), the idea that communities can be seen as series of social ties that vary in density, size and nature is not a novel concept. The rise of cities and urban centers as a result of industrial enterprise have long concerned sociologists, many of whom (e.g., Wirth, 1938 Woodsworth, 1911) feared that traditional social relations that permeated folk communities may be transformed and even threatened by the outgrowth of contemporary metropolis. The development of traditional mass media (e.g., print, radio, and television) had contributed to the process of urbanization by serving as a means of communication for both soc ial and commercialised activities. To understand what the Internet may mean for human communities in todays social and technological context, it is necessary to first explore the changing figure of community before the arrival of computers.While the existence of a community is typically defined by the types of social ties formed by its members (e.g., family or work) and by the physical boundaries that it occupies (e.g., neighborhoods or towns), the idea of community can be traced to ancient social and political thought, ranging from the five fundamental relationships in Confucianism to Platos ideal republic. During the profundity period, philosophers such as Locke (1988/1689) and Rousseau (1998/1762) wrote extensively about the ways in which individuals enter t... ...ace of community in the age of digital communication technologies. As a result, it is the person, preferably than issues associated with the change in physical environment (e.g., urbanization, migration), becomes t he new focus of the community research in the information age from a sociological standpoint. For example, what motivates individuals to join virtual communities? In what frequency and capacity do individuals interact with multiple social groups? And to maintain what kind of social relations? These are some of the emerging questions that community scholars will soon have to answer. It is for this reason that the study of community must move beyond the realm of sociology and incorporate perspectives from psychology in order to harbor a more compete picture of what has, and what has not, changed as a result of the networked environment at the individual level.

American Financial Crisis Essay -- Economics Economy

The US fiscal System A Crumbling EmpireThe monetary system has been crucial to the role of free enterprise. Financial markets have come to supply non-financial corporations with mechanisms for managing their risks and for comparing and evaluating diverse investment opportunities in a highly building complex global economy (Cindin, 2008). However, despite the lifetimes it took to build our financial institutions, bad luck and careless risk management have jeopardized careers and mortgaged these institutions futures(Wallace, 2008). The nation is currently attempting to push-down list with the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. It is now imperative that a way be found which will re-regulate finance without undermining finances needed innovative capacity. The note of the financial crisis can be dated back to 2006. During that period in time, companies began buying trillions of dollars of complex financial products called structured credit derivatives. The value of th ese derivatives quickly escalated to all over one-hundred trillion dollars due to the high demand from banks around the world. These paper investments were supposedly backed by loans on houses, cars, businesses, and credit cards (Francis, 2008). Nevertheless, several issues have erupted from the bargain of these paper investments. The production and trading method for derivatives is unclear, and no one really knows what credit risk is transferred to whom. Basically, banks were fighting over assets with questionable values. Even though the sale of derivatives has disrupted our economy, it is not the primary reason for which the financial system is now in distress. The reckless selling of mortgage loans has lead to the eventual breakdown of our financial... ..., Jane & Francis, Theo. The Financial System Bailout Deal or No Deal? (2008). Business Week. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/sep2008/db20080925_596844.htmSolomon, Deborah & Crittenden, Michael & Paletta, Damian. US Bailout Plan Calms Markets, But Struggle Looms Over Details (2008). Wall track Journal. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB122191819568460053.html?mod=googlenews_wsjStewart, Heather. IMF Says US Crisis is Largest Financial Shock Since Great Depression (2008). Guardian News. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/09/useconomy.subprimecrisisWallace, Michael. Wall Street Talks What the Bailout Means (2008). BusinessWeek. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2008/pi20080922_128934.htm

American Financial Crisis Essay -- Economics Economy

The US fiscal System A Crumbling EmpireThe fiscal system has been crucial to the role of free enterprise. Financial markets have come to supply non-financial corporations with mechanisms for managing their risks and for comparing and evaluating diverse investment opportunities in a highly heterogeneous global economy (Cindin, 2008). However, despite the lifetimes it took to build our financial institutions, bad luck and careless risk management have jeopardized careers and mortgaged these institutions futures(Wallace, 2008). The nation is currently attempting to plentifulness with the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. It is now imperative that a way be found which will re-regulate finance without undermining finances needed innovative capacity. The start of the financial crisis can be dated back to 2006. During that period in time, companies began buying trillions of dollars of complex financial products called structured credit derivatives. The value of these d erivatives quickly escalated to everyplace one-hundred trillion dollars due to the high demand from banks around the world. These paper investments were supposedly backed by loans on houses, cars, businesses, and credit cards (Francis, 2008). Nevertheless, several issues have erupted from the bargain of these paper investments. The production and trading method for derivatives is unclear, and no one really knows what credit risk is transferred to whom. Basically, banks were fighting over assets with questionable values. Even though the exchange of derivatives has disrupted our economy, it is not the primary reason for which the financial system is now in distress. The reckless selling of mortgage loans has lead to the eventual breakdown of our financial... ..., Jane & Francis, Theo. The Financial System Bailout Deal or No Deal? (2008). Business Week. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/sep2008/db20080925_596844.htmSolomon, Deborah & Crittenden, Michael & Paletta, Damian. US Bailout Plan Calms Markets, But Struggle Looms Over Details (2008). Wall passage Journal. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB122191819568460053.html?mod=googlenews_wsjStewart, Heather. IMF Says US Crisis is Largest Financial Shock Since Great Depression (2008). Guardian News. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/09/useconomy.subprimecrisisWallace, Michael. Wall Street Talks What the Bailout Means (2008). BusinessWeek. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2008/pi20080922_128934.htm

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart of Darkne

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness explores the intellectual, emotional and moral appendage of characters throughout the novella. This character growth has been a recurring theme in literature, with the poet William Blake, among many others, exploring theories of the movement amongst innocence to experience. Although Conrad does not strictly address character growth in this manner, characters that do and do not bear up under psychological growth are portrayed quite differently. Those who undergo these psychological changes are portrayed favorably, that is Marlow, the frame narrator, and Kurtz. These characters throughout the novel undergo significant change, for some it is gradual (Marlow), but for others such as Kurtz, this growth or realization occurs rapidly, and almost too late. While European colonialists - characters that do not grow, or remain at the stagnant psychological level - are used to represent the anti-colonialism theme to the readers. Conrad utilizes characters, and their psychological growth (or lack of growth) to distance himself from the story and endorse or criticize many themes that would be seen as revolutionary in the context of its publication. A large gap is then depicted between the characters who grow, portrayed as savant beings, and the pilgrims and European colonialists, who are seen in a colonial point of view as perfect examples of good, however portrayed by Conrad as stagnant, Hollow men, whose aims and ideals are criticized. The frame narrator, although not a major character in the novella, undergoes significant psychological growth throughout the text. This growth can be broadly divided into three phases - the initia... ...hed ways of thinking, have a faade of bringing culture and progress to a world liberal of these elements, yet are merely hollow men. They are merely acting as products for the indefinable aims of colonialism and in turn, move the readership to reject the ir ideals, emphasize the enlightened (those who grow) and encourage a similar psychological journey of the readership. Bibliography Conrad, J. (1995). Heart of Darkness. London Penguin Group. Dintenfass, M. (1996, March) Heart of Darkness Lecture. WWW document URL http//www.lawrence.edu Maes-Jelinek, H. Notes on Heart of Darkness Moon, B. (1992). Literary impairment A practical Glossary. Perth Chalkface Press P/L Analysis of Major Characters. WWW document URL http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/heart/characteranalysis.htm

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart of Darkne

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness explores the intellectual, emotional and moral egress of characters end-to-end the briskla. This character growth has been a recurring theme in literature, with the poet William Blake, among many others, exploring theories of the movement between innocence to experience. Although Conrad does not strictly address character growth in this manner, characters that do and do not undergo psychological growth are depicted quite differently. Those who undergo these psychological changes are portrayed favorably, that is Marlow, the frame narrator, and Kurtz. These characters throughout the novel undergo significant change, for some it is gradual (Marlow), but for others such as Kurtz, this growth or realization occurs rapidly, and almost too late. While European colonialists - characters that do not grow, or remain at the stagnant psychological level - are used to represent the anti-colonialism theme to the r eaders. Conrad utilizes characters, and their psychological growth (or lack of growth) to standoffishness himself from the narrative and endorse or criticize many themes that would be seen as revolutionary in the context of its publication. A large gap is then visualized between the characters who grow, portrayed as enlightened beings, and the pilgrims and European colonialists, who are seen in a colonial point of view as perfect examples of good, however portrayed by Conrad as stagnant, Hollow men, whose aims and ideals are criticized. The frame narrator, although not a major character in the novella, undergoes significant psychological growth throughout the text. This growth can be broadly divided into three phases - the initia... ...hed ways of thinking, have a faade of bringing culture and progress to a humanity devoid of these elements, yet are merely hollow men. They are merely acting as products for the indefinable aims of colonialism and in turn, move the readership to reject their ideals, evince the enlightened (those who grow) and encourage a similar psychological journey of the readership. Bibliography Conrad, J. (1995). Heart of Darkness. London Penguin Group. Dintenfass, M. (1996, March) Heart of Darkness Lecture. WWW document URL http//www.lawrence.edu Maes-Jelinek, H. Notes on Heart of Darkness Moon, B. (1992). literary Terms A practical Glossary. Perth Chalkface Press P/L Analysis of Major Characters. WWW document URL http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/heart/characteranalysis.htm

Filipino People and Family Planning Essay

The alarming increase of population in the country has caused many individuals to seek help in Family Planning. Discussing family planning is not just giving let on condoms, pills and more but also on caring for our reproductive health (RH). One governing body that has been serving its clients especially wowork force is the Family Planning Organization of the Philippines, Inc. (FPOP). It is a private, non-stock, and non-profit willful organization that promotes quality of life by RH c ar service delivery, information, education and communication (IEC) activities and policy advocacy initiatives.It is also the leading NGO RH champion and one of the oldest FP NGOs. It has the widest national network/coverage across the country. And the only RH NGO, with a strong binary structure, with volunteers coming from strategic sectors of society, backed up by professional staff. FPOP was founded by Dr. Jose Catindig (PPMP) and Dr. Gregorio Lim (FPAP) in August 4, 1969 through the merging of t wo separate and dynamic organizations the Planned Parenthood Movement of the Philippines (PPMP) and the Family Planning standstill of the Philippines (FPAP).Now it has 26 chapters and 8 residential district health care clinics (CHCC) to 40 provinces in the country. It is also an affiliate of planetary Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), the earths largest voluntary family planning organization. FPOP has a binary organizational structure. These are the national and chapter based volunteers and professional staff. It has volunteers deep down the organization and program volunteers at the community level. These volunteers serve as FPOPs link to the community as a contraceptive distributor, community educator, and community organizer.Thus, realizing its vision of empowering families and communities and also taking full tariff of their health and quality life. What they do? RH is not only a concern of women but of people from all walks of life. Men and women have a diametric rep roductive organ, thus RH is necessary to both. The concern on sexually Transmitted Diseases is also for men, women, and all those who are sexually active. Family planning as a way of life and Reproductive wellness as an integral part of individual well-being and discipline are FPOPs thrusts.With these, it promotes life through its RH Care Service language, Reproductive Health protagonism Project in Philippines (RHAPP) and Development and Family Life Education for the Youth (DAFLEY). RH Care Service Delivery is designed for those who are in communities and lack enough information on RH. And with people who are sexually active in these communities, pills, contraceptives and other family planning methods are just bought over the counter. And thus causes some effects to those who were not properly educated how to use such.With this, FPOPs conviction on educating people on this reckon are realized thru the various activities for couples, adolescents, men, women etc. to help them in f amily planning and reproductive health. Thus counseling, information disseminations and community education programs are organized. Thru these activities, FPOP ensures its chapters and Community Health Care Clinics provide a comprehensive package of family planning or RH health services. These packages include legally and medically safe family planning methods, the maternal and child health care services.Other concerns that it provides to its clients are health and nutrition, gender sensitivity, prevention and management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) like HIV/AIDs. Violence against women, children, mens RH an involvement in Family Planning, Breasts and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions, RH for older persons and adolescent sexuality and RH. The Reproductive Health Advocacy in the Philippines Project (RHAPP), is FPOPs advocacy for a positive policy environment for RH-related issues at the national and sub-national (local governments and regions) levels.It is also empowerment of Filipino women, men and the youthfulness in with the Participatory Reproductive Health Advocay Workshops in baranggays, National and Regional Fora for Advocates among others. They also have national and local legislations for RH and Population. Another thrust of FPOP is educating the youth. In DAFLEY project, it addresses the dynamic needs and concerns of adolescents and youth. This services for young people include interactive counseling through media, telephone, internet, or face-to-face counseling.Others are done in preparation peer counselors, educators, symposia, forums, referral to clinics and professionals for medical related and RH concerns. Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement The Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement, abbreviated as PRRM, is a non-governmental organization and institution formed in 1952 in order to assist the poor members of society in the Philippines. As a movement, it was initiated by upper and middle programme group of individuals based on the experiences gained from the rural reconstruction and development done in China during the beginning of the 1900s.After World War II, among its tasks had been the establishment of cooperatives in rural communities. It was the inspiration of the founding of the Federation of Free Farmers in 1953, as well as the birthing of organizations similar to PRRM in other countries such as Thailand, Colombia, India, and GuatemalaIts main office is currently based in Quezon City. , which became possible through Dr. Yens establishment of another related organization during the 1960s, namely the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR).Vision And Mission PRRM envisions a world of equity and sustainability. The future is one where society is free of ignorance, poverty, disease, and powerlessness and development takes send out within the environments carrying capacity. - To enhance the capacity of rural communities in the planning, advocacy and impleme ntation of sustainable development, through an integrated program of education, livelihood, health, habitat, environment, and egotism-governance.- - Values - The PRRM believes in several values. Firstly, PRRM believes in justice and equity, which means that the poor should be treated with a preferential bias since they would have already been faced with much contrast in the past. PRRM also wishes to promote gender inequality and this would be shown in the projects done by PRRM. -.Secondly, the PRRM believes that one identify ingredient for authentic development would all the same be unity and peace. It is especially essential for the Philippines as it is a vibrant nation with a diversity of culture and religious beliefs. The variances and differences should be overcome so that the Filipinos can achieve their goals as one united nation, and this will eventually lead to development for the country. - The PRRM also believes that nationalism, a reflection of a common ideology, is th e key to authentic development.The people of the Philippines need to truly believe in their capacity in achieving what they want. Indeed, special attention to utilizing and create the indigenous efforts is essential in promoting self reliance. - Furthermore, PRRM believes that all development must take into consideration the protection of the environment. This will ensure that the environment will not be heavily strained on and that the future generations can continue to benefit from the Mother Earth.- With regards to culture, PRRM believes that the Filipino people have a vibrant and beautiful culture which they truly enjoy communion with others. - Last but not least, PRRM also believes that development is for the people and by the people. Genuine peoples participation at every stage of development is the essence of community empowerment. - - Goals.- Among its present-day roles is the promotion of sustainable agriculture, technologies in the fishing business and farming, agrofores try, planning and implementation of managing resources in communities, the fight against ignorance through education, the fight against proverty through livelihood training, the fight against diseases through health education, improvement in access to justice, restoration of cohesion and connection among and between communities, creation of livelihood, environmental stewardship, awareness of human race policies, and the dissemination of information to other Philippine and Asian non-governmental organizations.- - Future Goals - A core objective of the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement is to build up the Conrado Benitez Institute for Sustainability (CBIS), which functions as the educational, research and technical troubleshooting wing of the PRRM.By focusing on education for sustainability through providing educational courses which cover topics such as sustainable local economy, agriculture, coastal resource management, new and renewable energy, and gender issues, CBIS aims t o inculcate sustainability into the future generation.- In addition, the PRRM intends to advocate issues related to environment and sustainable development, economic development, brotherly development and the rights of women, children and youth, and governance and citizens participation. -Other long term goals also include the creation of an organization information database and the implementation of a report bank note system. The former acts as the basis for monitoring the ongoing projects and operations and the aim is to boost the efficiency of the different operations by at least 25% . While for the latter allows progress and accomplishments of ongoing projects to be recorded and reported. The PRRM aims to achieve workflow streamlining, publication exposure and quality, improved staff training and management accountability. - - diachronic background - In the 1900s, the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement was founded and inspired by its then leader Dr. Y. C. James Jimmy Yen (also known as Yan Yangchu), a national of China. It was brought the Philippines, specifically in Nueva Ecija and then also in Rizal province, by Filipinos such as Conrado Benitez, a person connected to the University of the Philippines, with the vision to empowering and developing rural communities and the aim of providing training on self-government and on how such communities can sustainitself globally, nationally, and locally.- Apart from Conrado Benitez, original members of PRRMs Board of Trustees also included Salvador Araneta, Cornelio Balmaceda, Cecilio Putong, Juan Salcedo, younger , Asuncion A. Perez, Gil Puyat, Paul R. Parrette, and Albino Z. Sycip. Apart from Benitez, Sycip, Putong and Salcedo, Jr. , PRRMs original incorporators also included Esteban E. Abada,Eulogio Rodriguez, Jr. , Roland Renne, Juan Cojuangco, Oscar B.Arellano, and Jose S. Camus. 11 - In 1970, former Philippine Secretary of Health and Senator Dr. Juan Flavier, conveyed his experiences slice working with and for PRRM by writing his book entitled Doctor to the Barrios. - In 2009, PRRM became a partner of the Ayala Foundation USA, with the task of building potable water facilities within chosen Philippine barangays.

Project management extract Essay

The study on the production of chalk out of ocean shells was intentional to producequality dustless and long lasting chalk to compare with the standard existingcommercialized chalks if there are any, which was sold in the market. The chalk out of sea shells is for local or non-local apply for schools or any educational aspects or even athome which can be formed into different sizes and colors according to your will. We, theresearchers, used the sea shells to recycle and transform it into a useful product thatwill be used in our developing community.The production of this artifact that has been created by us strictly followed the procedures. First, collect sea shells from the sea shore. Then, boil it until it opens and being crushed into powder and becomes ready to be processed and made to differentfigures. Thus, the production of the product was accomplished and tested on its qualityand strength.Data on the winning product were tested and was finished accurately. Resultsshowed tha t the said finished product, made from sea shells, is comparable in terms of appearance and quality.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTHaving a successful investigatory project is really a great pleasure to us. It helpsus improving a certain project and identifying new discoveries from raw materials whichcan be seen abundantly in our surroundings.So, we, the researchers would care to thank to the following persons who help usmake this project successful. First, to our Almighty God who gave us the wisdom thatlead us to come up on this great idea and for the focal point that made our project fruitful.Mrs. Irmina Calibo who helped us in the formulation of the study, and lastly, our parentswho continuously support us in our financial needs in doing our project

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The desk exerts an upward upshot on the book that is equal in magnitude to the gravitational take. attractor a free-body diagram of the book. 7. Draw a free-body diagram of a football being kicked. Assume that the only crusades playing on the ball atomic number 18 the force due to gravity and the force exerted by the kicker. 8. Draw a free-body diagram for each of the following goals (show size of force with big or runty arrow) a. A projectile accelerating downward in the presence of air resistance. B. A crate being pushed across a flat surface at a constant speed. 9. Define Equilibrium. 10.Can an object be in vestibular sense if only one force acts on the object? 1. If an object is at rest, can we conclude that no external forces are acting on it? 12. An keg machine is pathetic at a constant speed of 1. Mom/s. What is the net force on the political machine? 13. If a car is traveling west with a constant velocity of mom/s, what is the net force acting on the car? 14. If a car is accelerating downhill infra a net force of NON, what additional force would cause the car to have a constant velocity? 15. Is it possible for an object to be in motion if no net force is acting on it? exempt. 16. An object thrown into the air stops at the highest point in its path. Is it in equilibrium at his point? Explain. 17. A large ball is placed on a bed off truck but is not tied down. A. Explain why it is wrong to say, as the truck accelerates forward, the ball slides across the bed until it hits the tailgate. b. If the driver slammed on the brakes, what would happen to the ball? 18. A space explorer is moving through space far from any orbiter or star and notices a large rock, taken as a specimen from an alien insipidt floating around the cabin of the ship.Should the explorer push it gently or kick it toward the storage compartment? Why? 19. Identify the action-reaction pairs in the following situations a. A psyche takes a step. B. A snowball hits someone in th e back. C. A baseball player catches a ball. D. A gust of wind strikes a window. 20. If a small sports car collides head-on with a massive truck, which vehicle experiences the greater impact force? Which vehicle experiences the greater acceleration? Explain. 21 . Explain why a rope climber must pull downward on the rope in order to move upward. disclose Two Constructing Responses 22.The force that attracts Earth to an object is equal to and opposite to the force that Earth exerts on the object. Explain (in a 3-step AES) why Earths acceleration is not equal to and opposite the objects acceleration? 23. When a tablecloth is pulled out(p) from underneath a cup and plate, the cup and plate stay on the table. Why? Explain (in a 3-step AES) why this is using Newtons 1st Law of Motion. Part Three Easy Problem firmness 24. What is the net force on a stapler if Ms Buick pulls it with a force of NON to the left and John pulled it NON to the adept?Which way did the stapler go? 25. In a tug of war competition, Sally pulled NON east along with Bobby who pulled NON east. If their opponent Tyler pulled with a force of NON and Jason NON west, who team won? 26. A owe boat is being propelled with a force of NON north by the rowers, but the water current pushes south on the boat with a force of NON. If the wind also pushes north with a force of NON, find the net force (including direction) on the boat. 27. A broken down car has a mass of 1 keg and is accelerated at a rate of 1. Mm/so by several people pushing.With what force do the people push the car? 28. A 6. Egg object undergoes an acceleration of 2. Mm/so. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the object? 29. The net force on the propeller of a 3. Egg model airplane is 7. AN forward. What is the acceleration of the airplane? 0. A soccer ball kicked with a force of 13. AN accelerates at 6. Mm/so to the right. What is the mass of the ball? 31 . The net force on a golf cart is NON north. If the cart has a total mass of keg, what are the magnitude and direction of the carts acceleration? 2. A car has a mass of 1. 50x103kg. If the force acting on the car is 6. Xenon to the east, what is the cars acceleration? 33. A groundwork of sugar has a mass of 2. kegful. Determine its mass and weight on A) On Earth b) On the moon c) On Jupiter (g-?25. Mm/so) 34. A 3. Keg briefcase is sitting at rest on a flat floor. A. What is the briefcases net acceleration? B. What is its weight in Newtons? Part Four Medium Problem Solving 35. Two forces are applied in the same direction to a car in an effort to accelerate it, Fl=NON, IF=301 N a.What is the subsequent of these two forces? B. If the car has a mass of keg, what acceleration does it have? 36. Due to the airplanes engines a keg airplane is pushed forward with a force of NANNY, if the wind pushes back on the plane with a force of NANNY, what is the net acceleration of the plane? 37. What is the mass of a sailboat which is accelerating at mom/so that is shushed by the wind with a force of NON and the current of water in the same direction with a force of 21 ON? 38.What is the acceleration of a keg boy and bicycle which is pedaled with a force of NON, and overcomes a frictional force of NON? (friction is always in the opposite direction of the motion) 39. A 5. Egg bucket of water is raised from a fountainhead by a rope. If the upward acceleration of the bucket is 3. Mm/so, find the force exerted by the rope on the bucket of water? (You must accept gravity in this ) Part Five Hard Problem Solving 40. The forces acting on a sailboat are NON north and NON east.If the boat has a mass of keg, what are the magnitude and direction of the boats acceleration? 41 . Four forces act on a keg hot-air balloon, shown here. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant acceleration on the balloon. Part Six Difficult Problem Solving 42. Kathy and Jim are pulling a box of physics equipment with an acceleration of 0. Mom/so. If they are pullin g with a force of NON 200 above the horizontal, what is the mass of the box? 43. A keg box is pulled by Ms Buick with a force of NON at an angle of 250 above the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the box?

Women Development

Womens condition in Nepal is even worse comp atomic number 18d to their average situation in the universe. Despite irrefutable and improving reports in the situation, at that place is a long way to go to really wangle them feel that they are not exploited and discriminated. The female literacy site of Nepal is about 35 percent, according to recent report, compared to male literacy rate of 63 percent. This vast difference exists not only in educational sector tho also in al nearly each sector. The education is the foundation of awareness and further development.When they are barred from education, there is chance of discriminations being unreported forcing women to be quiet. The women in Nepal are exploited in many aspects. Sexual abuse and girl trafficking still persists which demands adoption of immediate measures to prevent the situation from being to a greater extent worsened. Most of the victims of human trafficking in Nepal are girls who end up in the brothel of Indian cit ies. The female victims of domestic violence are kept occult with the fear of losing companionable reputation specially to be prevented form possible refusal from their male counterparts and there no clear law to deal with the situation.In the outback(a) villages of Nepal, women lay claim care almost everything from bringing up children, manage food, taking care of cattle, collecting fodder and firewood to working in the fields. Despite their significant contri andion in the family and society, they are mistreated and blamed for minor mistakes. The situation of Nepalese women seems to be improving in cities but the scene in the remote villages and hinterland is not changing at all. They are the victim of religion, culture and their male guardians.The Chaupadi transcription in western hill region of Nepal is yet to be rooted out, the Kamlari system in West Terai is still allowing to sell innocent teenage girls to unknown masters. The Muslim society of the country is still not aw aken up to displace all of their daughters in school, the drunken husband has not stopped beating his wife without any reason and Dalit women are still treated as plunk for class citizen by so called upper classes. These are only some examples of current situation of women in Nepal. The worldwide condition of the women is not better either.No depend where, the half of the world population should be addressed in each and every aspect of the life. The mere friendship can not be much effective for the overall development of the society. Womens problems are effectively dealt only by women themselves. Keeping them out of the social and political activities may cause social dilemma in the nation. The vivid example of relation between empowerment of women and social and economical development can be seen in many create European countries.Sweden, which is known as a country with the best condition of women in the world is one of the most create country in the world as well. Though in those developed countries too, the situation of women is not better than those of male, they are doing their best to keep the balance and further improve the situation. Thus the messages from those developed countries is Empowering female means development of the nation. The female participation in social, economical and political activities in the country like Nepal is vitally important. Womens legal rights and participation in civil society are limited across the country.Nepal is moderately religious country with vast numbers of ethnic groups, though it has been declared as a secular state after king was striped of his power by reinstated parliament in 2006. Though it used to be Hindu kingdom, there were no religion-related fanaticisms in the country. Nepalese are also relatively less repulsive to change. Hence, improving the women situation in Nepal is comparatively easier than many new(prenominal) countries in the world. Women are contributing more than 50 percent of the agric ultural jobs which is considered as a backbone of Nepals economy (Agriculture contributes Nepals total GDP by 40 percent).They are the first teachers of their kids who are the source of future development of the country. Active participation of women in social, political and political arena means educated kids, better health situation slipped human trafficking, declining HIV/AIDS infection rate and many other in current Nepals social scenario. They can make much difference in the outlook of our current society. They must be encouraged and given opportunity to walk parallel with their male counterparts. Even though some important laws are still missing, there are substantial laws n the nation to guarantee the right of women. Many laws are being change to address the real need of the change and to follow up the international regulations but the situation is not getting much better. The law is only the way, we are the walker and if we do not walk our talk, the situation of women may n ever change and so will do the nations situation. Women on the other hand should be aware of their situation act on their own. Many organizations working in the field should be able to extend their approach to the villages of remote areas.Political parties are advocating their commitment on equal participation of women in all fields but it has not been seen in the practice. Political leadership is still for the most part occupied by men essentially leading unequal equal participation in policy making level. So, it has to be done from the very ascendant level. Lack of education is root cause of the situation. Female education has been shown to have a dramatic impact on womens earning power and on families welfare but progress toward gender equality in education still lags behind to those of boys.Education for all should be guaranteed by the government which will certainly help to go through not only women discrimination but also other discriminations (ethnic, regional, religious e tc. ) across the country. Once the literacy rate rises, so does the female participation in many areas. To empower women, it has to be done by act not by words. The empowerment of the women will be one big step forward-moving to overall development of the nation. As Nepal has already been entered into a new age of change, equality between male and female should be one of the top most priorities for policy makers.

Dismissal Meeting Essay

1. Propose three ways that a private instructor stool cope with any negative emotions that may accompany an employee layoff. Layoffs argon tough for both the employee being laid off and the company for which he/she worked. The situation causes so much uncertainty amongst the expecting employees. The contact among the employees is if this happened to them this could happen to me as well. According to Johnson (n.d.), There is a study disruption in the status quo relationships be severed, pop off is redistributed with a probable sum up in everyones workload. We as human fear the un populaten and will ultimately feel that its bound to happen over again and will remain on edge until reassured it wont happen. Three ways the manager can cope with any negative emotions are communicate with remain employees, dispel any rumors, and take employees to beam. During these difficult times its important that management has constant intercourse with their staff. According to Butcher (2008), come together employees want to know what will be happening to them, especially whether they will they be laid off. from each one one of the surviving employees wants to know whats going on no one wants to be left out. When there is something perceived to be a cover up the employees are uneasy. When the employees are uneasy panic and hysteria sets in and fruit levels go down. The moment employees get wind of the layoffs or terminations the rumors will start to fly. It all stems from fear of losing their jobs. Employees become untrus bothrthy of management, so until management presents themselves as trustworthy, employees will continue to talk and spread rumors. Management has to step and in let the employees know the truth close what has happened and what will come next. If there is project to be more layoffs then management should let them know. If there wont be more layoffs management should communicate that to the employees as well. The best move mechanism for negati ve emotions would be to let theperson vent. If management allows the employees to vent, this will lessen the frustration amongst the remaining members of the team.Management should conduct a meeting with the employees and allow them to share their feelings. Once management has an idea of how the employees feel they can make proper action to deal with the situation. Communication shouldnt be one sided. Each side has to share what they believe is important.2. Describe a step-by-step process of conducting the dismissal meeting. There are many steps to disciplining and employee. Usually, the last step in the discipline process is the dismissal of the employee. In a situation, where the employer doesnt believe the employee should continue employment with the company the dismissal process begins. According to Heathfield (n.d.), Sometimes, however, terminating a staff persons employment is the best step to take for your organization. Often times, when the employee isnt a best fit for the o rganization management has to make the last to trim the fat. Once its been disapprovemined the employee will be terminated for whatever reason.Whether it is for cause or non-performance, there is a process in which this shall be conducted. The manager has to schedule a meeting, inform the employee of termination, allow the employee to speak, and collect company property and have the employee escorted out. The manager has to be diligent in scheduling the meeting. Most often practice is to schedule the meeting for the end of the day. This allows the manager to minimize the chance the termination of the employee may disturb the work environment. In the event, the employee has a pricy relationship with the other employees the others may become upset. The meeting should be scheduled for the employee on a day in which the employee works.Depending on the preferred method of communication the manager should contact the employee as soon as possible. Once the meeting has been determined th e manager should pick a location in which the meeting can be conducted. The preference is a location in which there will be some type of barrier between the manager and the employee. The manager should grade the room in such a way that the employee doesnt have to cross paths once the meeting has ended. While the meeting is going the manager should clear the meeting explaining the reason for which they are meeting. After the manager has discussed with the employee the reason for termination it is important to allow the employee to express his/her feelings. During this time theemployee is allowed to say something in his/her defense. Also allows the employee to vent frustration about the termination.This will lessen the likelihood that employee will try some sort of retaliation. Additionally, is there was some misunderstanding on either the manager or the employees part this would be the time to clear it up. The next step is a combination of two, have the employee return company prop erty. Someone should accompany the employee to his/her work area/location to assure company property has been properly returned and his/her personal property has been gathered. Making sure the personal property has been attained will deter the former employee from coming back. The second part would to have the former employee escorted out. In situations like these, it may be best to have someone the employee has a close relationship escort them out.3. Determine the compensation that the factitious company may provide to the separated employee. Majority of the people in the workforce today, are doing so because they have to. Everyone has bills and expenses that have to be paid regularly. With this being said, everyone needs a steady income. Without a steady income individuals will fall behind and face major issues. So when it comes to employees being laid off from work employers should assist with some type of temporary compensation. In most cases, employers provide severance behave tolerate accrued leave, and unemployment benefits. Most employers have severance packages set up for employees in the event the employment has to be terminated earlier than expected. According to Yuille, (2012), The severance pay offered is typically one to two weeks for every year worked but can be more.In most cases to received severance an employee will have had to work for the employer for more than a year. Employers should offer pretty reasonable packages depending on the job market and the economic climate. Most employers offer a benefits package for its employees. These are the things that attract talent to a particular employer. Within the benefits package there should be a leave option. The leave option should be a reasonable about of leaver per time worked. In the government workforce, when employment is terminated the amount of leave not taken is paid out at the rate in which the person works based on the number of hours of leave. Unemployment benefits mainly focus aro und two major parts of employee compensation and health benefits.The first of the two isthe weekly unemployment payment usually received from the state in which the person has been employed for the amount of time in which it requires to receive the benefit. The Consolidated Omnibus cypher Reconciliation Act (COBRA) allows for temporary continuation of health insurance. However, it isnt subsidized like it would have been while employed. The individual has to pay a much high indemnity when paying as unemployed. 4. Using Microsoft Word or an equivalent such as Open Office, create a chart that depicts the timeline of the disbursement of the compensation. keep an eye on Appendix A5. Predict three ways that this layoff may affect the company. In most cases, companies lay off employees to save silver. Most times layoffs are due to slow in production or a drop in revenue. Its always ugly business on both ends of the deal. The employees are out of a job and the company is out of workers . Three ways layoffs may affect a company are lower moral, loss in production, and cost to retrain. When there is a layoff the surviving employees tend to become a bit worried about what will happen to them next. According to Matthews (2002), The effects of layoffs on surviving employees have a less obvious, but still important, short-term financial impact. Morale directly affects productivity. When the employees feel that their job is in danger they tend to focus on things other than work. Production is the main focus of any companys operation.Production is what makes money for the company. If the employees arent focused on production it will slow considerably causing the company to lose money. The effects of the layoff will cause the company to lose more money than they anticipated. In the big run, the company will lose money on production due to low morale and lack of focus. Once production starts to pick up again the company will need to hire more workers. This boost in product ion will cause the company to need more workers to handle the load. The money spent on recruiting and training will absorb the money that was supposed to be saved by the company. Matthews also said, The employer will pay a premium price for attracting valuable replacements, including the cost of recruiting and screening candidates. The layoffs prove to be more costly than keeping the staff on and lowering their pay.ReferencesButcher, D. (2008, November 13). 5 Strategies for managing employees after layoffs. sedulousness market trends. Industry market trends rss. Retrieved from http//news.thomasnet.com/IMT/2008/11/13/5-strategies-for-employers-managing-surviving-employees-after-layoffs/ Heathfield, S. (n.d.). How to fire with compassion and class. About.com human resources. Retrieved from http//humanresources.about.com/od/discipline/a/firecompassion.htm Johnson, D. W. (n.d.). The emotional impact of lay-offs and non-renewals. University of Minnesota. Retrieved February 10, 2014, fro m http//www3.crk.umn.edu/humanresources/Documents/Emotional%20Impact%20of%20Layoffs.pdf Matthews, C. (2002, July 19). The truly cost of layoffs by carole matthews inc.com. Retrieved from http//www.inc.com/articles/2002/07/24434. Yuille, B. (2012, September 24). The layoff payoff A severance package. Investopedia. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/08/negotiating-severance-agreements.asp

Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings

Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusionDiversity means understanding that each individual is unique and that we recognise our individual differences this hatful include locomote, gender, religious beliefs, come on, sex orientation or any other differences. Equality means equal rights for people no matter what differences they may bind and that they should all be treated fairly and that nothing should be lacking in their treat and all care plans should be followed.Inclusion is based on the approximation of allowing everyone to access to any service regardless their gender, religion or age and what they want and be included. Discrimination means when individual is taking less care of one person or is in less favour then someone else due to probably a disability or religion etc.Direct inequality can occur in the work setting if the service you provide for one service user is less then the other due to their gender, age, religion, race or mental health or c ould be they are told they cant do anything as they are in a wheelchair or not run low enough.Indirect discrimination can occur if someone has learning difficulty or English is not their first language and you leave them notes, which they cannot understand, or when the local ascendance sends leaflets for their services and they are not easy to read. 1.3Practises that support diversity, equality and inclusion to reduce the likelihood of discrimination may include encouraging everyone to say what at that place views are having them to listen to so that it can help to respect and help to resolve peoples differences and it helps an individual to be fully involved not only in their lives but in everyones elses lives too.Know how to work in an inclusive wayThese are some of the key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settingsThe Disability Discrimination Act 2005The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989)The Human Rights Act 1998The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (as amended)Employment Equality Regulations 2003You can interact with an individual in an inclusive way by make them feel comfortable and asking general questions about them. Treating them equally, be respectful and listen to them carefully, not making them feel small and encourage to ask questions and give-up the ghost suggestions.The ways in which discrimination may be challenged by gathering evidence, and if I witnessed discrimination is going on I would report it to the office to my supervisory program or manager, I would also speak to the person that is being discriminating that they will try to sort everything out and they are not alone. Outcome 3 Know how to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination.Sources of information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inc lusion and discrimination on government web sites that list all the authentic legislations in place to protect the rights of an individual. You can obtain leaflets to show service users about their rights, read books, or even can contact certain age groups, such as AGE UK who can supply materials to hand out to service users on discrimination, equality etc..If I think someone is being a victim of discrimination, I would report this straightaway to my manager or supervisor, even if I was in this situation I would do the same, I would also look through my policy and procedures which should include policies related to inclusion and diversity, if I encounter problems I would refer to my own policies, as to the actions to take as an employee.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 23

The next morning, Elena felt light and joyful, as if she was hugging an enormous, wonderful mystery story to herself. Damon was stil alive. He had been in her room last night. Right?Shed been through so much, she could hardly trust it. She climbed start of bed, noting that the clouds outside were stil pink and gold from the sunrise, so it essential be very early. She careful y moved toward the window. She wasnt sure what she was looking for, merely she went down on her work force and knees and s tail assemblyned the floor careful y. on that point. A comminuted piece of dirt on the squeaky board, fal en from someones shoe. And there, on the windowsil , the long scratches of a birds claws. That was proof enough for Elena.She stood up and gave a funny little jump of joy, clapping her hands together sharply once, an unstoppable grin spreading across her face. Damon was aliveThen she took a deep breath and stood stil , wil ing her face into blankness. If she was veridical y tone ending to have this secret and she supposed she would have to shed promised, after al she was going to have to act like nothing had changed. And real y, things were charming bad stil , she told herself. If she thought about(predicate) the facts, she shouldnt be celebrating just yet.Damons return hadnt altered the fact that something grungy was after Elena and her friends, or that Stefan was acting irrational y and violently. Her emotional state sank a little as she thought of Stefan, hardly stil a bubble of happiness went through her. Damon was aliveAnd, what was more, he had an idea of what might be going on. It was exactly like Damon at his most infuriating to play this idea close to his chest and not let her know what he was thinking, but stil , his flash was more hope than anyone else had been able to offer yet. Perhaps there was light at the end of the tunnel after al .A pebble pinged once against Elenas window.When she looked out, she saw Stefan, shoulders hunched, hands in his pockets, watching her from the lawn. Elena waved to him to stay where he was, threw on jeans, a lacy white tank top, and shoes, and went downstairs to meet him. at that place was dew on the grass, and Elenas steps left-hand(a) footprints. The cool of dawn was already being replaced by dazzling hot cheerfulness It was going to be another sticky Virginia summer day.As she approached Stefan, Elena slowed down. She didnt preferably know what to say to him. Since last night, incessantlyy time she had thought of Stefan, she had involuntarily pictured Calebs body flying through the air, the sickening crunch as he hit the marble monument. And she couldnt stop seeing Stefans savage anger as he had attacked him, although Damon had been sure there must have been a reason. Damon. How would she ever keep Stefan from guessing the truth about his brother?From the pained look on Stefans face, it was clear he sensed her apprehension. He held out his hand. I know you dont substant iate why I did what I did yesterday, he said,but theres something you have to see.Elena stopped, but she didnt take his outstretched hand. His face fel a little further. Tel me where were going, she said.I need to disposition you something that I found, Stefan said patiently. Youl understand when we get there. Please, Elena. I would never hurt you.Elena stared at him. She knew without a doubt that it was true that Stefan would never hurt her.Okay, she said, making up her mind. Wait here for a minute. Il be right tooshie.She left Stefan on the lawn in the early morning sunshine as she retreated into the quiet swarthiness of the domicile. Everyone else was stil asleep A quick glance at the clock in the kitchen told her it was barely six oclock. She scribbled a peak to aunty Judith, saying she was going to entrance breakfast with Stefan and would be back later. Reaching for her purse, she paused and made sure that a dried sprig of vervain was stil tucked inside it. Not that she t hought Stefan would ever do anything to her but it never hurt to be prepared.When she came out of the house, Stefan ushered her into his car parked at the curb, opening the passenger-side door for her and hovering over her as she fastened her fag belt.How far away is it? Elena asked.Not far, Stefan said simply. Watching him drive, Elena noticed the worry lines at the corners of his eyes, the unhappy droop of his mouth, the tension in his shoulders, and wi hold she could put her arms most him and comfort him, raise her hand and wipe those lines by his eyes away. unless her memories of the rage on his face the day before held her back. She just couldnt make herself give out to him.They hadnt driven for long when Stefan turned onto a culde-sac of expensive houses. Elena leaned forward. They were pul ing up to a large white house fronted by a spacious pil ared porch. She knew that porch. later junior prom, she and Matt had sat on its steps and watched the sun rise, stil wearing the ir clothes from the dance. She had kicked off her satin sandals and laid her head against Matts tuxedoed shoulder, listening dreamily to the melody and voices coming from the afterprom party in the house behind them. It had been a good night from a different lifetime.She stared at Stefan accusingly. This was Tyler Smal woods house, Stefan. I dont know what youre planning, but Calebs not here. Hes in the hospital.Stefan sighed. I know hes not here, Elena. His aunt and uncle havent been here either, not for several days, at least.Theyre out of town, Elena said automatical y. Aunt Judith talked to them yesterday.Thats good, Stefan said grimly. Then theyre safe. He cast a worried glance up and down the street. Youre sure Caleb wont be out of the hospital today?Yes, said Elena acidly. He was too injured. Theyre keeping him for observation.Elena got out of the car, slammed the door, and marched toward the Smal woods house, not looking back to see whether Stefan was fol owing.He caught u p to her instantly. She cursed his vampiric speed in her head and walked faster. Elena, he said, circling in front of her and forcing her to a stop. Are you angry that I want to keep you safe?No, she said scathingly. Im angry that you almost kil ed Caleb Smal wood.Stefans face sagged with exhaustion and sorrow, and Elena instantly felt guilty. any(prenominal) was going on with Stefan, he stil needed her. But she didnt know how to deal with his violence. Shed fal en in love with Stefan for his poetic soul, for his gentleness. Damon was the dangerous one. Dangerous looks much best on Damon than it does on Stefan, a dry observing voice at the back of her mind said, and Elena couldnt deny the truth of it.Just show me what you wanted me to see, she concluding y said.Stefan sighed, then turned and led her up the drive of the Smal woods house. She had expected him to go to the Smal woods front door, but he cut around the side of the house and toward a smal shed in the backyard.The toolsh ed? asked Elena quizzical y. Do we have a lawn mowing emergency we need to address before breakfast?Stefan ignored her joke and went to the shed door. Elena noticed that a padlock that had held the double door shut had been wrenched apart, pul ed to pieces. A half loop of metal hung uselessly from the shackle. Stefan had clearly broken in earlier.Elena fol owed him in. At first, after the dew-bright morning outside, she couldnt see anything in the dimness of the shed. Gradual y, she realized that the wal s of the shed were lined with loose papers. Stefan reached out and shoved the doors wider, letting the sunshine stream into the space.Elena peered at the papers on the wal s and then stepped back with a sharp gasp The first thing she had been able to make out was a picture of her own face. She yanked the paper off the wal and looked at it more closely. It was a clipping from the local paper, showing her dressed in a silver medal gown, dancing in Stefans arms. The caption under the p icture read Robert E. Lee High School prom queen Elena Gilbert and prom king Stefan Salvatore. mall queen? Despite the seriousness of the situation, her lips curled up in a smile. She real y had finished high school in a snake pit of glory, hadnt she?She pul ed another clipping from the wal and her face fel . This one showed a coffin carried through the rain by pal bearers, grim-faced mourners standing by. In the crowd, Elena recognized Aunt Judith, Robert, Margaret, Meredith, and Bonnie, lips set, cheeks streaked with tears. The caption here read Town mourns local high school student Elena Gilbert.Elenas fingers tightened unconsciously, crumpling the clipping. She turned to look at Stefan. This shouldnt be here, she said, a note of hysteria creeping into her voice.The Guardians changed the past. There shouldnt be any newspaper articles or anything left.Stefan stared back at her. I know, he said. Ive been thinking, and the best guess I can make is that maybe the Guardians just chan ged great deals minds. They wouldnt see any evidence of what we asked the Guardians to erase. Theyd just see what supported their new memories, the memories of a normal smal town and of a good deal of ordinary teenagers. Just another school year.Elena brandished the paper. But then why is this here?Stefan dropped his voice. Maybe it doesnt work on everybody. Calebs got some notes scribbled in a notebook computer I found, and it seems from them as though hes remembering two different sets of events. Listen to this.Stefan scrabbled through the papers littering the floor and pul ed out a notebook. He writes There are girls in town now that I know were dead. There were monsters here. The town was destroyed, and we left before they could get us too. But now Im back and we never left, even though no one but me remembers. Everythings normal no monsters, no death.Hmm. Elena took the notebook from him and scanned through the pages. Caleb had lists there. Vickie Bennett, Caroline, her. Al o f them. Everyone who was different in this foundation than in the other one. There were notes about how he remembered them how he thought Elena was dead and what was going on now. She turned a few pages, and her eyes widened. Stefan, listen. Tyler told him about us Tyler was afraid of Stefan Salvatore. He thought he kil ed Mr. Tanner and that there was something else strange about him, something unnatural. And he thought Elena Gilbert and her friends were tangled up in whatever was going on. And theres an asterisk referring back to Mr. Tanner being dead in one set of memories and alive in the other. Elena quickly scanned a few pages. It looks like he focused in on us as the cause of the changes. He figured out we were at the center of everything. Because were the race the most changed other than the vampire and kitsune victims and because he knew Tyler was suspicious of us, hes blaming us for Tylers disappearance.Two sets of memories, Stefan repeated, frowning.What if Calebs no t the only one remembering both realities? What if supernatural beings, or people aware of the supernatural, werent affected by the spel ?Elena froze. Margaret I wondered if she remembered something. She seemed so upset when she first saw me. Remember how she was afraid I was going to go away again? Do you think shes remembering me dying along with the memories the Guardians gave her?Stefan shook his head. I dont know, Elena. Do you have any reason to think Margaret is anything other than a suddenly normal little girl? Little kids can be very dramatic without needing a reason. Margarets got a lot of imagination.I dont know, Elena said in frustration. But if the Guardians just covered over the old memories with new ones, that would explain why my old journal was stil hidden in my bedroom just where I left it, and everything that had happened up until I left home written in it. So you think that Caleb suspects something is going on because he is a werewolf after al ?Look, Stefan sai d, gesturing around the shed. For the first time, Elena took in the whole scene and its implications. Pictures of her. Pictures of Bonnie and Meredith. Even pictures of poor Caroline, ranging from the haughty green-eyed debutante to a feral half monster, heavy pregnant with Tylers baby? Pup? Elena realized with a shock that she hadnt thought of Caroline in days. Was Caroline stil pregnant? Was she stil transforming into a werewolf because she was carrying Tylers baby? There were, Elena remembered, an awful lot of werewolves in Fel s Church. Powerful, important werewolves, and if that hadnt changed, and if the pack remembered everything, or enough of everything, then they were probably just biding their time.There were not only clippings but original photographs around the room. She saw a picture taken through the boardinghouse window of herself leaning forward excitedly to talk to Meredith, who was caressing her baleful hunting stave. Based on her outfit, it had been taken right a fter they picked up Alaric and Celia. Caleb had been not only researching the two sets of memories over the last few months but as well spying on Elena and her friends. Then she noticed something else. In the far corner on the floor was a huge bunch of roses. What ? Elena said, reaching for them. And then she saw. A pentagram was drawn around the roses. And encircling the pentagram was a bunch of photographs herself, Bonnie, Meredith, Matt, Stefan, Damon.Those are the same kinds of roses as the one Caleb gave you, arent they? Stefan asked softly. Elena nodded. They were perfect, delicate blooms in a dark luscious red that made her want to touch them.The rose that started it al , she whispered. It pricked Bonnies finger, and her blood spel ed Celias name. It must have come from here.Caleb isnt just a werewolf, Stefan said. I dont know exactly what he did here, but it looks like pretty dark magic to me. He looked at her pleadingly. I discovered it al yesterday, he continued. I had to fight him, Elena. I know I scared you, but I had to protect you and everyone else from him.Elena nodded, too stunned to speak. Now she understood why Stefan had acted the way he had. He thought she was in danger. But stil she couldnt help feeling sick when she remembered the arc of Calebs body as he was thrown. Caleb might have attacked them with dangerous magic, but his notes sounded confused and frightened. Elena and her friends had changed his world, and now he couldnt tel what was reality.Wed check pack up al of this and bring it back to the boardinghouse, she said briskly. Are there more notebooks? Stefan nodded. Then wed better look through them careful y. If he cast a spel on us some kind of curse it could stil be active, even though hes imprisoned to the hospital for now. The spel he used might be in one of the notebooks, or at least we might find some kind of steer as to what it is and exactly what its doing. And, hopeful y, how to reverse it.Stefan was looking a lit tle lost, his green eyes questioning. His arms were held out very slightly, as if he had been expecting her to handle him and hadnt remembered to put them down when she hadnt. But for some reason she couldnt quite put her finger on, Elena couldnt bring herself to hug him. Instead, she looked away and said, Do you have any tensile bags or anything in the car we can use to move it al ?

Death and Dying in Hinduism and Buddhism

Death and Dying- Customs and Rituals Hinduism and Buddhism Religious and cultural beliefs play a significant role in the processes of death and dying. These beliefs have created rituals that tin a conceptual framework for understanding the experience of death. Cultures across the world have different, unique rituals surrounding death and dying. This can be proven by comparing Hinduism and Buddhism. Their pre-death rituals, burial rites and concepts of afterlife be very different. Hindus and Buddhists have diverse pre-death rituals. When death is imminent, Hindus are brought home to die.They are placed in either their dwell or the entryway of their house with their head facing east. A lamp is lit near their head, and the person is encouraged to focus on their mantra. The Hinduism religion states that a mantra is a word repeated during mediation. Family members sing hymns, pray and read scripture for the dying person. When Buddhists are dying, it is up to their family to keep them p ositive. Loved ones must free themselves of disturbing emotion. It is their responsibleness to help the dying person accept death as a natural and inevitable part of life.Hindus rituals are scripted, religious and self-dependant while Buddhists rituals are low-maintenance and mostly dependant on family members. In conclusion, Hinduism and Buddhism are very different in regards to pre-death rituals. Hinduism beliefs about the afterlife vary significantly from Buddhism beliefs. Hindus believe that homo go through a never-ending cycle of birth and death. Hindus believe in karma. Karma is action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation in Hinduism one of the means of reaching Brahman (Collins face Dictionary, Web).Buddhists believe that every soul is reborn until it has been cleansed. In Buddhism, the goal is to achieve Nirvana. Nirvana is freedom from the endless cycle of personal reincarnations, with their consequent suffering, as a result of the extinction of individual passion, hatred, and delusion. (Collins slope Dictionary, Web). Superfici all(prenominal)y, these two rituals seem similar, but differences can be found on a deeper level. Hinduism is a never-ending cycle, while Buddhism can be escaped. The biggest difference among Hinduism and Buddhism is their burial rites. Hindu families prepare heir deceased with oil and herbs. The body is carried on a wooden frame to a publically designated cremation site where mourners chant mantras. After the body has been cremated, bits of bone and ash that remain are collected and strewn into the Holy River. Ten days after the cremation, family members offer ten pindas to the river to feed the character of the deceased on its travels to the next incarnation. Buddhists hold simple, solemn funerals. They believe it is unnecessary to spend a lot of money on traditional ceremonies. During the viewing, an altar is narrow down up in front of the casket .Mourners can place offerings such as fruit, flowers and candles on the altar. Images of the Buddha and deceased person are placed in front of the altar. These religions are different because Hindus burials are elaborate and expensive, while Buddhists burials are simple, practical and inexpensive. Burial rites reveal how different Hinduism and Buddhism are. Hinduism and Buddhism have very different pre-death rituals, concepts of afterlife and burial rites. This proves that all religions have a unique set of traditions surrounding death and dying. These traditions help shape religion and create a diverse society.Bibliography Hitchcock, Susan Tyler. Geography of Religion Where idol Lives, Where Pilgrims Walk. Washington DC National Geographic Society, 2004. Print. Berhad, Koperasi Buddhisme Malaysia. A Guide to a Proper Buddhist Funeral. Sea Park Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc, 2000. Print. Collins English Dictionary. Karma. Dictionary Reference. 2009. HarperCo Publishers. March 6, 2013 http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/karma Collins English Dictionary. Nirvana. Dictionary Reference. 2009. HarperCo Publishers. March 6, 2013 http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/nirvana

Counsello

Kenya Association of Professional Counsellors School of Counselling Studies MA IN COUNSELLING STUDIES Please fill in all details and draw to every assignment you complete. Students NameDorcas Adoyo Mwinda Date of Submission 30th October 2009 Assignment (please arrest appropriate box)1 2 Module 1 geographic expedition in Counselling Module 2 Understanding in Counselling Module 3 Integration in Counselling Module 4 PracticumVideo ratingModule 5 Research Methods Module 6 Dissertation Title of Assignment The Appropriateness of mortal centered Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa Comments (please tick appropriate box) First Internal quizzer Second External ExaminerSecond Internal Examiner External Examiner Recommended ResultPercentageLevel (MA/PG Dip) Name of ExaminerElias Gikundi SignedDate TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLEPage No. Introduction2 What is individual centred Approach3 View of Human spirit3 Congruence5Unconditional Positive Regard6 Empathic Understanding6 Concepts undefendable in s oul- centred Approach7 Values exposed in person centred tone-beginning9 trenchantness of mortal Centred Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa11 Conclusion13 References14 INTRODUCTION Counselling has been perceived as an advice in numerous poor boy- Saharan Afri gutter countries and in addition the fact that there are many counselling approaches which are used it has even turn more confusing for people to understand.But cod to different lets we face in African countries like tribal clashes, culture differences, Poverty, political instability, racism, unemployment, HIV/AIDS and many different(a)s counselling was introduced from the western culture to tin healing to the continueed and infected people, and thus person centred approach was adopted because it helps deal with individual feelings, which would help the readjust choke to the surrounding both literally and psychologically. Person centred approach is whizz among the other counselling approaches used in sessions which I am sure that it is not well kn take in sub Saharan African.In this paper, I am going to going to discuss on the relevance of person centred approach in sub- Saharan African and also examining in Kenyan figure. In summing up I shall give my conclusion on what I think or feel about the topic am writing about. WHAT IS PERSON CENTRED APPROACH? Person centred approach champi hotshotd by Carl Rogers in the 1930s and 1940s. This approach assist clients to listen to their feelings and inner voices and in doing so clients can learn to do better in their own, (Nelson, 2001).Since we are witting(predicate) what it is all about then the question is how does it view human beingnesss? VIEW OF HUMAN temper Rogers (1961) says that person centred approach view human beings as having the ability to steer the course of their lives, if offered in a relationship the core conditions. Rogers (1967) also states that to be egotism-importance which one is truly is, is more than an attainable goal o f person centred therapy, but a key aspect in the process of becoming a amply functioning person.I do agree with Rogers because, this therapy does not allow a client to talk about others but brings the client to self and dealing with what is affect him or her now. In person centred approach human nature is drawn as basically social so that human beings are by nature protective, caring, human and understanding towards each other, (Mearns et al. 1988). He argues that the dependence of human infants and interdepence of adults degrees in the same direction as does the inmate capacity to infer imaginatively the experience of others.harmonize to Bozarth et al. (1986) person centred approach has the belief that all human beings hurl within them the innate capacity to grow towards their own unique fulfilment (or to move towards self actualisation). I personally feel that despite all cultural impact on us, environmental factors and measures that are being imposed on us, we up to now energize the drive towards self actualisation and also discover within ourselves the capacity of growth, and therefore whatever we do, we are the people who knows what is right and wrong for us but not others.Rogers (1951) furyes that an accurate concept of self is crucial for healthy development, he stated that a long with a realistic self concept goes a realist perception of reality and situation in which the individual finds himself or herself in. ( Kirschenbaum et al, 1989). My contention is that the aim of life history as it is called by Rogers to be that self which one is truly is has been on philosophical minds for centuries and to date individuals are still wrestling with the very concept of being true to self.Corey (2001) underscores the same when he says that person centred therapy puts emphasis on concepts of freedom, choice, regard ass, personal responsibility, autonomy, purpose and symbolizeing. Despite this approach emphasizing on individual development, in some s ub Saharan African countries (Kenya being one of them) personal development is seen as selfish and importance is cultural value of the common good to individuals.If we are to be more explicit about our culture, which is what we propose, it is Copernican for the therapist to be visible in terms of their value system or African view beliefs and standing in the community. This allows therapists to be clear in and about their relationship with clients and offers the client the safety that the therapist is not a detached remote or mystical figure but an accountable member of the community. Person centred approach is perhaps the only hypothesis to take predominately a good animal view of human nature.For Rogers the actual tendency in world is positive and it only become negative to the extent that it is blocked and frustrated by environmental factors. While going through the view of human nature by person centred theory I realised that there are core conditions which are necessary in this approach which acts as guidance in counselling session. Like wise Green (2002) suggests that the presence of core conditions in the therapeutic relationship can set in train a directing process towards being more true to one self. So what are these core conditions? CongruenceRogers (1961, pg 61) defined therapist congruence as by this we mean that the feelings the therapist is experiencing are available to him, available to his cognizance and he is able to live these feelings a, be them and able to communicate them if appropriate . awareness involves the therapist awareness of their own culture and themselves in relation to it and indeed to the world. Congruence enables a therapist to come to terms with their position in society and the predicaments of life in relation to culture. It is useful in a session because it brings about self-confidence in a helping relationship.I have come to realise that being trustworthy does not demand that I be rigidly consistent but be depend ably real (Rogers 1990a, pg 19). from my experience in counselling I have come to realise that congruence is imperative in a session because it makes it easier for a client to trust you. In Kenya there are xl two tribes with different culture, but still it ordain not hinder the therapist to be congruent because a client only ineluctably trust and genuineness which makes them feel that they are I the right place and also they can get honest response from a counsellor.Mearns et al. (1988) says that in the person centred approaches, congruence dissolves the mysteriousness of the counsellor , and as with other core conditions it has its roots and equivalence in other cultural traditions as wisdom, mindfulness, active surrender ( Purton, 1994). Unconditional positive regard. Rogers run along this condition variously as unconditional buy upance, prizing, non- possessive, love and warmth. He adds that developmentally as humans, we have a occupy for unconditional positive regard and to have an internal self guard, (Rogers, 1959).Unconditional positive regard is important because it directly sabotages such conditions of worth the counsellor values her client ir regard asive of the client conformist to conditions. I feel it is important for therapist to be clear about their own culture, both their culture of origin and their present culture and to be aware of the positive message about their culture especially if the therapist themselves had problems in growing and growing within their own culture. Villas- Rose Bowen (1984) says that in developing perspectives on unconditional positive regard, then we need to consider regard for self, others and culture itself.Empathic understanding Empathic understandings Rogers mostly referred to it is to sense the clients private world as if it were your own, but without ever losing the as if quality, (Rogers, 1957). In my opinion, the as if condition as Rogers proposes it, in his 1959 definition of empathy must in the first place be soundless as the stressing of the necessity of being continuously aware that the experience and feeling that the therapist is trying to live into, do originate in the client and not in the therapist. (Vanderschot,1990 p. 290). personally think that empathy is the ability to stand very close to someone else to appreciate what it is like to be that other person in that other person in that other persons world. This never feels palmy because it involves stepping out of your own frame ricks and trying to appreciate what it is to view ones culture through their look rather than your own. Concepts exposed in person centred approach. According to Dardenne et al. (1989) effective person centred counsellors are people who demonstrate the substantial qualities of genuineness, non-possessiveness, warmth and empathy with the clients.Counsellors treat their clients with non-judgemental respect and hope to introduce practical ways in which this can be achieved across any cultural d ivide. I do find it rather easy and flowing when all those qualities mentioned above are applied in session and you find that it even makes a client to feel free to share his experience without any fear. Person centred is a means of meshing the symbolised (or symbolising) incongruence of the client with the congruence of the therapist. It is not appropriate process for people who are merely wishing to have education experience. Mearns et al. 2000). With different problems facing many sub- Saharan countries, people feel that they do need education to help them curb their problems, but unlike other counselling approaches as psychodynamic and gestalt which provides education, person centred approach tends to differ. I do agree with Mearns because people do not only need education which they feel will enable them get out of the problems they are facing but person centred emphasis is on working with the person to help him deal with the problem. Rogers, 1959) adds that person centred ther apy barely does not work with clients who are experiencing incongruence in their living and wanting to change that incongruence. Person centred approach requires a level of acceptance which enable therapists to sustain themselves when clients contend them. I feel that this is highly vital because due to many problems that affect people in sub- Saharan Africa which in most cases have badly dishonored their experience in life, they tend to relieve their anger and stresses, and even feeling to counsellors.The therapist should provide support to the affected clients and therefore the level of acceptance needs to be ablely robust to withstand the pain of relating to those who prove to be aggressive, demeaning or even contemptuous and hostile ( Mearns et al. 2000). According to Thorne (19910 person centred approaches clams from the assumption that every living organism is driven by an actualising tendency an instinctive reflecting the desire to grow, develop and enhance one capacitie s to the fullest ( actualisation ).Mearns and Thorne (2000) states that this process of self actualisation is fraught with complexity and anxiety because the organismic self as essentially trustworthy and a unified whole of experiencing conflict within the developing self concept of the individual which distorts or denies experiences into awareness as it is heavily dependent on positive regard fro others. And as Thorne (1991) argues that gradually we learn to see ourselves as others ignoring our own inner experiencing.I personally feel that one cannot get to self actualisation without struggle and taking example of my country Kenya, many people do live below the poverty line and are ready to do anything just to be able to cater his basic needs and therefore instead of focussing in how to get out of the situation, he seeks refuge from others and even try to copy their lifestyle putting at the back of his mind what he is and hence ignoring our inner experience and views ourselves as o thers.Covey (1989) argues that in African society, we may have gained an incredible degree of outward conquest but inwardly individuals have divorced themselves from the roots and valuing process in serving the structure of capitalist society. Therefore this approach enables a person to work with the deeper need to actualise rather than depending on others.Rogers was fundamentally an optimist about human potential, arguing that ideally the actualising tendency refers to self actualisation where aspects of self and concepts are identical or congruent, ( Mearns and Thorne, 2000), this ideal human conditions is embroiled in the fully functioning persons who as Rogers ( 1959) state is open to experience , able to live existentially, is trusting in his or her own organism, experience feelings freely, acts independently, is active and lives an enriched life, he is in the process of being and becoming himself. (p 192) Values exposed through person centred approach. The person centred po int of view places high value on the experience of the individual human beings and or the importance of his or her subjective reality. It also challenges each person to accept responsibility of his or her own life, (Mearns et al. 1988). Rogers (1961) argues that the basic value in person centred approach is the conviction that personal experience is the highest authority.With all the problems and hardships being experienced in sub- Saharan Africa like the tribal clashes, sexual abuse, drought and hunger, poor governance, lack of medical expertise and medicines and many others which leads to introjections of other peoples value in order to gain positive regard. Problems later(prenominal) arise when they view these introjected values as their own. One goal of person centred approach is to reverse this pattern and help the client to select his or her own value (Thorne et al. 998). The coming into consciousness of the African Personality highlighted how African cultural values differed from those that were imposed upon them (Len-Holdstock, 2000). Person centred approach places the therapist in a paradoxical position, in that the therapist will never seek to guide the client to a particular value or gaol but to guide the client towards contact with his or her inner organismic self away from external value.In other enounce the therapist is actively trying to facilitate the clients movement from the outer world of the conditions of worth into the inner world of the organismic valuing process. (Van Kalmthout, 1995). The concept of self is also exposed as a value in person centred approach because according to Rogers (1951) an acute concept of self is crucial for healthy development. In addition, Covey, (1989) states that modern society is characterised by pervasive wars, genocide, exploitation and general disenchantment, hence individuals are in battle with an inner craving for growth and development.Markus and Kitayama (1991) argues that psychological chastity of attending to the self, appreciation of others difference from others and importance of asserting to self. I do agree with theme in sense that person centred approach brings out the need of self awareness which Rowen (1983) says is a state of consciousness where we are genuinely open to listen on all the levels, thus enabling one to become independent from others and discover and be able to express ones unique attributes. Sub- Saharan countries people have suffered so much because of lack of awareness.In regard to the post election violence in Kenya two years ago, many got affected because they were not aware of repercussions of the violence to them and that they are used as a tool by our politicians, whom imposed their values on them hence acting on others values forgetting about their own values. Collier ( 1977 argues that Rogers boast of the essential equality of human beings claiming that every individual has the same forward moving humanity and capacity for happiness when one is true to one self.Effectiveness of person centred approach in sub-Saharan Africa Person centred approach mainly focuses on the well being of a person, mainly focussing on his personal feelings and being able to provide core conditions for a helping which in very vital because it encourages independence of a person, which African culture puts so much value in ones social connectedness. The growth of people in the African perspective as Owusun-Bempah and Howitt (2000) put it, is not individual, but it also involves the whole society and the wider aspects of such a society.The two add that the aim of the development of the self is the achievement of a truly social self through, the harmonious relations and the interdependence with others. Person centred approach do emphasise the autonomy of a client which in sub-Saharan Africa have sense of normal development where the individual becomes conscious of his own being, his duties, his privileges and responsible towards himself and toward o thers.An example is the case of human genocide that happened in Rwanda some years go, where their were ethical clashes between two tribes, but after the incident the citizens later realised that what they were doing was not actual right but out of other people orders hence when truth and reconciliation commissioner was formed they had to be made aware of their actions and also made to take responsibility of their actions as well. Am mazed by the effectiveness of this approach because it actual makes one come into reality of life and be able to see things in a different angle and all these he comes up with them without any education or being told what to do. This approach has enabled change, especially in the urban areas, however this is not to say that African traditional philosophy have been shelved. In essence, change as Shorter (1998) says may be radical but if seldom total. Clearly what we experience in Africa is general and specifically in Kenya is radical transformations but w ith continuities.Conclusion In many ways. I have realised that person centred philosophical roots are useful in sub- Saharan Africa because it echoes and has echoes in many cultural and religious traditions. The concepts, language, practice attitudes of person centred approach are familiar in many ways. The other important things are, i have come to appreciate the effectivessness of the core conditions which are necessary and sufficient in our cultural context. References Bozarth, J. and Temaner Brodley B. (1986). The core conditions and Theory of the person centred. Chicago Praegers.Corey, G. (2001). 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