Virtual Communities: A Sociological Perspective From Pastoral Village t

The technical, functional, and symbolic characteristics of the Internet may have changed the ways that communities are formed and experienced through a decentralized global converse network that transcends physical time and space. While this notion of virtual(prenominal) participation is closely associated with the emergence of information communication technologies (ICTs), the idea that communities can be seen as series of social ties that vary in density, size and nature is not a novel concept. The rise of cities and urban centers as a result of industrial enterprise have long concerned sociologists, many of whom (e.g., Wirth, 1938 Woodsworth, 1911) feared that traditional social relations that permeated folk communities may be transformed and even threatened by the outgrowth of contemporary metropolis. The development of traditional mass media (e.g., print, radio, and television) had contributed to the process of urbanization by serving as a means of communication for both soc ial and commercialised activities. To understand what the Internet may mean for human communities in todays social and technological context, it is necessary to first explore the changing figure of community before the arrival of computers.While the existence of a community is typically defined by the types of social ties formed by its members (e.g., family or work) and by the physical boundaries that it occupies (e.g., neighborhoods or towns), the idea of community can be traced to ancient social and political thought, ranging from the five fundamental relationships in Confucianism to Platos ideal republic. During the profundity period, philosophers such as Locke (1988/1689) and Rousseau (1998/1762) wrote extensively about the ways in which individuals enter t... ...ace of community in the age of digital communication technologies. As a result, it is the person, preferably than issues associated with the change in physical environment (e.g., urbanization, migration), becomes t he new focus of the community research in the information age from a sociological standpoint. For example, what motivates individuals to join virtual communities? In what frequency and capacity do individuals interact with multiple social groups? And to maintain what kind of social relations? These are some of the emerging questions that community scholars will soon have to answer. It is for this reason that the study of community must move beyond the realm of sociology and incorporate perspectives from psychology in order to harbor a more compete picture of what has, and what has not, changed as a result of the networked environment at the individual level.

American Financial Crisis Essay -- Economics Economy

The US fiscal System A Crumbling EmpireThe monetary system has been crucial to the role of free enterprise. Financial markets have come to supply non-financial corporations with mechanisms for managing their risks and for comparing and evaluating diverse investment opportunities in a highly building complex global economy (Cindin, 2008). However, despite the lifetimes it took to build our financial institutions, bad luck and careless risk management have jeopardized careers and mortgaged these institutions futures(Wallace, 2008). The nation is currently attempting to push-down list with the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. It is now imperative that a way be found which will re-regulate finance without undermining finances needed innovative capacity. The note of the financial crisis can be dated back to 2006. During that period in time, companies began buying trillions of dollars of complex financial products called structured credit derivatives. The value of th ese derivatives quickly escalated to all over one-hundred trillion dollars due to the high demand from banks around the world. These paper investments were supposedly backed by loans on houses, cars, businesses, and credit cards (Francis, 2008). Nevertheless, several issues have erupted from the bargain of these paper investments. The production and trading method for derivatives is unclear, and no one really knows what credit risk is transferred to whom. Basically, banks were fighting over assets with questionable values. Even though the sale of derivatives has disrupted our economy, it is not the primary reason for which the financial system is now in distress. The reckless selling of mortgage loans has lead to the eventual breakdown of our financial... ..., Jane & Francis, Theo. The Financial System Bailout Deal or No Deal? (2008). Business Week. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/sep2008/db20080925_596844.htmSolomon, Deborah & Crittenden, Michael & Paletta, Damian. US Bailout Plan Calms Markets, But Struggle Looms Over Details (2008). Wall track Journal. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB122191819568460053.html?mod=googlenews_wsjStewart, Heather. IMF Says US Crisis is Largest Financial Shock Since Great Depression (2008). Guardian News. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/09/useconomy.subprimecrisisWallace, Michael. Wall Street Talks What the Bailout Means (2008). BusinessWeek. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2008/pi20080922_128934.htm

American Financial Crisis Essay -- Economics Economy

The US fiscal System A Crumbling EmpireThe fiscal system has been crucial to the role of free enterprise. Financial markets have come to supply non-financial corporations with mechanisms for managing their risks and for comparing and evaluating diverse investment opportunities in a highly heterogeneous global economy (Cindin, 2008). However, despite the lifetimes it took to build our financial institutions, bad luck and careless risk management have jeopardized careers and mortgaged these institutions futures(Wallace, 2008). The nation is currently attempting to plentifulness with the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. It is now imperative that a way be found which will re-regulate finance without undermining finances needed innovative capacity. The start of the financial crisis can be dated back to 2006. During that period in time, companies began buying trillions of dollars of complex financial products called structured credit derivatives. The value of these d erivatives quickly escalated to everyplace one-hundred trillion dollars due to the high demand from banks around the world. These paper investments were supposedly backed by loans on houses, cars, businesses, and credit cards (Francis, 2008). Nevertheless, several issues have erupted from the bargain of these paper investments. The production and trading method for derivatives is unclear, and no one really knows what credit risk is transferred to whom. Basically, banks were fighting over assets with questionable values. Even though the exchange of derivatives has disrupted our economy, it is not the primary reason for which the financial system is now in distress. The reckless selling of mortgage loans has lead to the eventual breakdown of our financial... ..., Jane & Francis, Theo. The Financial System Bailout Deal or No Deal? (2008). Business Week. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/sep2008/db20080925_596844.htmSolomon, Deborah & Crittenden, Michael & Paletta, Damian. US Bailout Plan Calms Markets, But Struggle Looms Over Details (2008). Wall passage Journal. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB122191819568460053.html?mod=googlenews_wsjStewart, Heather. IMF Says US Crisis is Largest Financial Shock Since Great Depression (2008). Guardian News. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/09/useconomy.subprimecrisisWallace, Michael. Wall Street Talks What the Bailout Means (2008). BusinessWeek. Retrieved November 2, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2008/pi20080922_128934.htm

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart of Darkne

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness explores the intellectual, emotional and moral appendage of characters throughout the novella. This character growth has been a recurring theme in literature, with the poet William Blake, among many others, exploring theories of the movement amongst innocence to experience. Although Conrad does not strictly address character growth in this manner, characters that do and do not bear up under psychological growth are portrayed quite differently. Those who undergo these psychological changes are portrayed favorably, that is Marlow, the frame narrator, and Kurtz. These characters throughout the novel undergo significant change, for some it is gradual (Marlow), but for others such as Kurtz, this growth or realization occurs rapidly, and almost too late. While European colonialists - characters that do not grow, or remain at the stagnant psychological level - are used to represent the anti-colonialism theme to the readers. Conrad utilizes characters, and their psychological growth (or lack of growth) to distance himself from the story and endorse or criticize many themes that would be seen as revolutionary in the context of its publication. A large gap is then depicted between the characters who grow, portrayed as savant beings, and the pilgrims and European colonialists, who are seen in a colonial point of view as perfect examples of good, however portrayed by Conrad as stagnant, Hollow men, whose aims and ideals are criticized. The frame narrator, although not a major character in the novella, undergoes significant psychological growth throughout the text. This growth can be broadly divided into three phases - the initia... ...hed ways of thinking, have a faade of bringing culture and progress to a world liberal of these elements, yet are merely hollow men. They are merely acting as products for the indefinable aims of colonialism and in turn, move the readership to reject the ir ideals, emphasize the enlightened (those who grow) and encourage a similar psychological journey of the readership. Bibliography Conrad, J. (1995). Heart of Darkness. London Penguin Group. Dintenfass, M. (1996, March) Heart of Darkness Lecture. WWW document URL http//www.lawrence.edu Maes-Jelinek, H. Notes on Heart of Darkness Moon, B. (1992). Literary impairment A practical Glossary. Perth Chalkface Press P/L Analysis of Major Characters. WWW document URL http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/heart/characteranalysis.htm

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart of Darkne

Character Growth in Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness explores the intellectual, emotional and moral egress of characters end-to-end the briskla. This character growth has been a recurring theme in literature, with the poet William Blake, among many others, exploring theories of the movement between innocence to experience. Although Conrad does not strictly address character growth in this manner, characters that do and do not undergo psychological growth are depicted quite differently. Those who undergo these psychological changes are portrayed favorably, that is Marlow, the frame narrator, and Kurtz. These characters throughout the novel undergo significant change, for some it is gradual (Marlow), but for others such as Kurtz, this growth or realization occurs rapidly, and almost too late. While European colonialists - characters that do not grow, or remain at the stagnant psychological level - are used to represent the anti-colonialism theme to the r eaders. Conrad utilizes characters, and their psychological growth (or lack of growth) to standoffishness himself from the narrative and endorse or criticize many themes that would be seen as revolutionary in the context of its publication. A large gap is then visualized between the characters who grow, portrayed as enlightened beings, and the pilgrims and European colonialists, who are seen in a colonial point of view as perfect examples of good, however portrayed by Conrad as stagnant, Hollow men, whose aims and ideals are criticized. The frame narrator, although not a major character in the novella, undergoes significant psychological growth throughout the text. This growth can be broadly divided into three phases - the initia... ...hed ways of thinking, have a faade of bringing culture and progress to a humanity devoid of these elements, yet are merely hollow men. They are merely acting as products for the indefinable aims of colonialism and in turn, move the readership to reject their ideals, evince the enlightened (those who grow) and encourage a similar psychological journey of the readership. Bibliography Conrad, J. (1995). Heart of Darkness. London Penguin Group. Dintenfass, M. (1996, March) Heart of Darkness Lecture. WWW document URL http//www.lawrence.edu Maes-Jelinek, H. Notes on Heart of Darkness Moon, B. (1992). literary Terms A practical Glossary. Perth Chalkface Press P/L Analysis of Major Characters. WWW document URL http//www.sparknotes.com/lit/heart/characteranalysis.htm

Filipino People and Family Planning Essay

The alarming increase of population in the country has caused many individuals to seek help in Family Planning. Discussing family planning is not just giving let on condoms, pills and more but also on caring for our reproductive health (RH). One governing body that has been serving its clients especially wowork force is the Family Planning Organization of the Philippines, Inc. (FPOP). It is a private, non-stock, and non-profit willful organization that promotes quality of life by RH c ar service delivery, information, education and communication (IEC) activities and policy advocacy initiatives.It is also the leading NGO RH champion and one of the oldest FP NGOs. It has the widest national network/coverage across the country. And the only RH NGO, with a strong binary structure, with volunteers coming from strategic sectors of society, backed up by professional staff. FPOP was founded by Dr. Jose Catindig (PPMP) and Dr. Gregorio Lim (FPAP) in August 4, 1969 through the merging of t wo separate and dynamic organizations the Planned Parenthood Movement of the Philippines (PPMP) and the Family Planning standstill of the Philippines (FPAP).Now it has 26 chapters and 8 residential district health care clinics (CHCC) to 40 provinces in the country. It is also an affiliate of planetary Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), the earths largest voluntary family planning organization. FPOP has a binary organizational structure. These are the national and chapter based volunteers and professional staff. It has volunteers deep down the organization and program volunteers at the community level. These volunteers serve as FPOPs link to the community as a contraceptive distributor, community educator, and community organizer.Thus, realizing its vision of empowering families and communities and also taking full tariff of their health and quality life. What they do? RH is not only a concern of women but of people from all walks of life. Men and women have a diametric rep roductive organ, thus RH is necessary to both. The concern on sexually Transmitted Diseases is also for men, women, and all those who are sexually active. Family planning as a way of life and Reproductive wellness as an integral part of individual well-being and discipline are FPOPs thrusts.With these, it promotes life through its RH Care Service language, Reproductive Health protagonism Project in Philippines (RHAPP) and Development and Family Life Education for the Youth (DAFLEY). RH Care Service Delivery is designed for those who are in communities and lack enough information on RH. And with people who are sexually active in these communities, pills, contraceptives and other family planning methods are just bought over the counter. And thus causes some effects to those who were not properly educated how to use such.With this, FPOPs conviction on educating people on this reckon are realized thru the various activities for couples, adolescents, men, women etc. to help them in f amily planning and reproductive health. Thus counseling, information disseminations and community education programs are organized. Thru these activities, FPOP ensures its chapters and Community Health Care Clinics provide a comprehensive package of family planning or RH health services. These packages include legally and medically safe family planning methods, the maternal and child health care services.Other concerns that it provides to its clients are health and nutrition, gender sensitivity, prevention and management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) like HIV/AIDs. Violence against women, children, mens RH an involvement in Family Planning, Breasts and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions, RH for older persons and adolescent sexuality and RH. The Reproductive Health Advocacy in the Philippines Project (RHAPP), is FPOPs advocacy for a positive policy environment for RH-related issues at the national and sub-national (local governments and regions) levels.It is also empowerment of Filipino women, men and the youthfulness in with the Participatory Reproductive Health Advocay Workshops in baranggays, National and Regional Fora for Advocates among others. They also have national and local legislations for RH and Population. Another thrust of FPOP is educating the youth. In DAFLEY project, it addresses the dynamic needs and concerns of adolescents and youth. This services for young people include interactive counseling through media, telephone, internet, or face-to-face counseling.Others are done in preparation peer counselors, educators, symposia, forums, referral to clinics and professionals for medical related and RH concerns. Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement The Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement, abbreviated as PRRM, is a non-governmental organization and institution formed in 1952 in order to assist the poor members of society in the Philippines. As a movement, it was initiated by upper and middle programme group of individuals based on the experiences gained from the rural reconstruction and development done in China during the beginning of the 1900s.After World War II, among its tasks had been the establishment of cooperatives in rural communities. It was the inspiration of the founding of the Federation of Free Farmers in 1953, as well as the birthing of organizations similar to PRRM in other countries such as Thailand, Colombia, India, and GuatemalaIts main office is currently based in Quezon City. , which became possible through Dr. Yens establishment of another related organization during the 1960s, namely the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR).Vision And Mission PRRM envisions a world of equity and sustainability. The future is one where society is free of ignorance, poverty, disease, and powerlessness and development takes send out within the environments carrying capacity. - To enhance the capacity of rural communities in the planning, advocacy and impleme ntation of sustainable development, through an integrated program of education, livelihood, health, habitat, environment, and egotism-governance.- - Values - The PRRM believes in several values. Firstly, PRRM believes in justice and equity, which means that the poor should be treated with a preferential bias since they would have already been faced with much contrast in the past. PRRM also wishes to promote gender inequality and this would be shown in the projects done by PRRM. -.Secondly, the PRRM believes that one identify ingredient for authentic development would all the same be unity and peace. It is especially essential for the Philippines as it is a vibrant nation with a diversity of culture and religious beliefs. The variances and differences should be overcome so that the Filipinos can achieve their goals as one united nation, and this will eventually lead to development for the country. - The PRRM also believes that nationalism, a reflection of a common ideology, is th e key to authentic development.The people of the Philippines need to truly believe in their capacity in achieving what they want. Indeed, special attention to utilizing and create the indigenous efforts is essential in promoting self reliance. - Furthermore, PRRM believes that all development must take into consideration the protection of the environment. This will ensure that the environment will not be heavily strained on and that the future generations can continue to benefit from the Mother Earth.- With regards to culture, PRRM believes that the Filipino people have a vibrant and beautiful culture which they truly enjoy communion with others. - Last but not least, PRRM also believes that development is for the people and by the people. Genuine peoples participation at every stage of development is the essence of community empowerment. - - Goals.- Among its present-day roles is the promotion of sustainable agriculture, technologies in the fishing business and farming, agrofores try, planning and implementation of managing resources in communities, the fight against ignorance through education, the fight against proverty through livelihood training, the fight against diseases through health education, improvement in access to justice, restoration of cohesion and connection among and between communities, creation of livelihood, environmental stewardship, awareness of human race policies, and the dissemination of information to other Philippine and Asian non-governmental organizations.- - Future Goals - A core objective of the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement is to build up the Conrado Benitez Institute for Sustainability (CBIS), which functions as the educational, research and technical troubleshooting wing of the PRRM.By focusing on education for sustainability through providing educational courses which cover topics such as sustainable local economy, agriculture, coastal resource management, new and renewable energy, and gender issues, CBIS aims t o inculcate sustainability into the future generation.- In addition, the PRRM intends to advocate issues related to environment and sustainable development, economic development, brotherly development and the rights of women, children and youth, and governance and citizens participation. -Other long term goals also include the creation of an organization information database and the implementation of a report bank note system. The former acts as the basis for monitoring the ongoing projects and operations and the aim is to boost the efficiency of the different operations by at least 25% . While for the latter allows progress and accomplishments of ongoing projects to be recorded and reported. The PRRM aims to achieve workflow streamlining, publication exposure and quality, improved staff training and management accountability. - - diachronic background - In the 1900s, the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement was founded and inspired by its then leader Dr. Y. C. James Jimmy Yen (also known as Yan Yangchu), a national of China. It was brought the Philippines, specifically in Nueva Ecija and then also in Rizal province, by Filipinos such as Conrado Benitez, a person connected to the University of the Philippines, with the vision to empowering and developing rural communities and the aim of providing training on self-government and on how such communities can sustainitself globally, nationally, and locally.- Apart from Conrado Benitez, original members of PRRMs Board of Trustees also included Salvador Araneta, Cornelio Balmaceda, Cecilio Putong, Juan Salcedo, younger , Asuncion A. Perez, Gil Puyat, Paul R. Parrette, and Albino Z. Sycip. Apart from Benitez, Sycip, Putong and Salcedo, Jr. , PRRMs original incorporators also included Esteban E. Abada,Eulogio Rodriguez, Jr. , Roland Renne, Juan Cojuangco, Oscar B.Arellano, and Jose S. Camus. 11 - In 1970, former Philippine Secretary of Health and Senator Dr. Juan Flavier, conveyed his experiences slice working with and for PRRM by writing his book entitled Doctor to the Barrios. - In 2009, PRRM became a partner of the Ayala Foundation USA, with the task of building potable water facilities within chosen Philippine barangays.

Project management extract Essay

The study on the production of chalk out of ocean shells was intentional to producequality dustless and long lasting chalk to compare with the standard existingcommercialized chalks if there are any, which was sold in the market. The chalk out of sea shells is for local or non-local apply for schools or any educational aspects or even athome which can be formed into different sizes and colors according to your will. We, theresearchers, used the sea shells to recycle and transform it into a useful product thatwill be used in our developing community.The production of this artifact that has been created by us strictly followed the procedures. First, collect sea shells from the sea shore. Then, boil it until it opens and being crushed into powder and becomes ready to be processed and made to differentfigures. Thus, the production of the product was accomplished and tested on its qualityand strength.Data on the winning product were tested and was finished accurately. Resultsshowed tha t the said finished product, made from sea shells, is comparable in terms of appearance and quality.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTHaving a successful investigatory project is really a great pleasure to us. It helpsus improving a certain project and identifying new discoveries from raw materials whichcan be seen abundantly in our surroundings.So, we, the researchers would care to thank to the following persons who help usmake this project successful. First, to our Almighty God who gave us the wisdom thatlead us to come up on this great idea and for the focal point that made our project fruitful.Mrs. Irmina Calibo who helped us in the formulation of the study, and lastly, our parentswho continuously support us in our financial needs in doing our project